Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) reinforced with quasicrystalline particles have attracted considerable attention due to their unique combination of properties, such as high specific strength, rigidity, and wear resistance. Quasicrystals with icosahedral or decagonal symmetry provide effective strengthening of the aluminum matrix, preventing dislocation movement.
One of the promising areas is the use of metastable processing methods, such as rapid solidification processing (RSP) and mechanical alloying (MA). RSP allows obtaining nanosized quasi-crystalline particles uniformly distributed in the aluminum matrix. MA, in turn, provides the ability to mix components that are incompatible under equilibrium conditions, which expands the choice of reinforcing phases.
In addition to metastable methods, traditional methods such as powder metallurgy (PM) and die casting (DC) are also used in the production of quasicrystal-reinforced CAMs. PM allows control over particle size and distribution, while DC provides high productivity. However, when using traditional methods, the possibility of formation of undesirable intermetallic compounds at the phase boundary must be taken into account.
Due to their complex atomic organization, outstanding mechanical properties, and unusual tribological and thermal properties, quasicrystalline alloys and composite materials based on them have been intensively studied. Despite this, the potential for practical application of these materials has not yet been fully realized and requires further research. This review discusses recent advances in the production methods and properties of aluminum-based composites reinforced with quasicrystalline inclusions. Particular attention is paid to high-strength, rapidly solidifying nanoquasicrystal composites, the challenges encountered in their fabrication, and their characteristics. Current research results on the development of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with quasicrystalline inclusions using powder metallurgy and traditional metalworking methods are also presented. It is emphasized that significant progress has been made over the past decade, and promising directions for future research based on these recent discoveries are discussed.
Despite significant progress, the creation of quasicrystal-reinforced CAMs is associated with a number of challenges. These include optimizing the processing parameters to achieve a uniform particle distribution, preventing the formation of undesirable phases, and ensuring a strong bond between the matrix and the reinforcing phase. Further research is aimed at developing new processing methods and compositions that will allow the full potential of these promising materials to be realized.
Author: Vitor Wolf, Claudio S. Kiminami, Claudio S. Kiminami & Walter J. Botta
Institute: Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil